“It’s a big enough umbrella, but it’s always me that ends up getting wet.” - Sting (1981) “Here’s a second umbrella” – Montana Supreme Court (2016) Although the terms are often used interchangeably, there are several key differences between umbrella and excess coverage. One such distinction is that an umbrella policy can apply to multiple underlying policies. This makes it essential to clearly delineate and define the policy’s aggregate limit of liability— the maximum ... Keep Reading »
Occurrence
After Pit Bull Case, Questions Dog New York’s “Unfortunate Event” Test
Where an insurance policy contains a “per occurrence” limit on coverage, New York courts apply what they call the “unfortunate event” test to determine how many “occurrences” are involved in a given claim or set of claims. The test does not apply at all, however, where the policy language indicates “an intent to aggregate separate incidents into a single occurrence.” As this blog recently discussed, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ruled in September ... Keep Reading »
No Contractor Is An Island: Florida Court Narrowly Applies “Your Work” Exclusion
When an insurer issues a Commercial General Liability policy to a contractor, the policy typically excludes coverage for the cost of repairing or replacing the contractor's own defective work, but covers the cost of repairing damage to other parts of the property which the defective component might cause. As this blog has explained, the "your work" exclusion serves to distinguish a liability policy from "a performance bond or warranty of a contractor's product." But ... Keep Reading »
As TCPA Class Actions Soar, Issues Emerge in TCPA Coverage for Claims
Both the number of cases under the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) and the types of practices that those cases challenge have mushroomed within the last several years. Yet a dedicated form of insurance against TCPA claims has not yet developed. Instead, businesses seeking defense and indemnification of TCPA suits have resorted to traditional policy provisions dealing with property damage, personal and advertising injury, and (more recently) the language of ... Keep Reading »
Second Circuit’s Policy Language Interpretation Leaves Insurer Down in the Dumps
So this dump truck can’t make it through an overpass on I-90; the crash knocks the dump box off the truck and into the road. Five minutes later (or 30 seconds, if you believe some people), along comes Mr. Itzkowitz, with his wife and five children, and plows right into the dump box. Then, after another few seconds (or 20 minutes, according to some people), ka-pow: Mr. Compton’s car, with another six passengers, does the same thing. What are you gonna do? In National ... Keep Reading »
Off Schedule: Texas Supreme Court Rules That Ambiguity Produces Blanket Coverage
Owners of multiple commercial properties can significantly reduce their insurance premiums by purchasing a scheduled policy, under which each item of covered property is separately reported (or "scheduled"), and the coverage limit for any one item is determined independently of damage to any other item. The alternative is a blanket policy, which applies a single coverage limit to the aggregate losses of all the covered properties. Recently, in RSUI Indem. Co. v. The ... Keep Reading »
Looking Backward: West Virginia Retroactively Imposes Coverage for Faulty Workmanship
A notorious moving target in the field of coverage litigation is an insurer's responsibility under a commercial general liability policy for the policyholder's faulty workmanship. The key question is usually whether the defect in workmanship is an "occurrence" within the meaning of a policy; the answer can depend on which court you ask or how those courts deal with other policy terms. In 2013, West Virginia's highest court overruled its own precedents to hold that CGL ... Keep Reading »
Wait A Minute, Mr. Postman: Tenth Circuit Applies Statutory-Violation Exclusion To Junk Fax Claims That Try To Skirt The TCPA
Enacted in 1991, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, 47 U.S.C. § 227 (TCPA), inaugurated the era of "junk fax" class actions, in which recipients of mass fax advertisements may pursue statutory damages of $500 per class member. Insurers responded by adding terms to liability policies that expressly exclude coverage for claims under the TCPA. But the dialectic of coverage litigation is ineluctable, and plaintiffs began asserting, in effect, that the TCPA was ... Keep Reading »
Seeing the Finish Line: Courts Increasingly Exempt Claims-Made Policies from the Notice Prejudice Rule
In a majority of jurisdictions, the "notice-prejudice rule" provides that an insurer may not deny a claim on grounds of late notice without demonstrating prejudice. The rule is statutory in some states and judicially crafted in others. Most courts, however, also hold that the rule does not apply to late notice under a claims-made-and-reported policy, as opposed to an occurrence policy. In 2015, several cases have solidified this trend, and some of them actually extend ... Keep Reading »
No Manifestation Destiny: The Seventh Circuit Declines to Set a Standard Trigger Rule for First-Party Property Policies
When I ... feel my finger on your trigger, I know no one can do me no harm." - John Lennon Property damage can be sudden and dramatic, but it can also be subtle and insidious, and that can make it hard to identify the moment when properly coverage is implicated. As a result, courts have recognized several different "triggers," depending on the circumstances of the loss and the type of coverage involved. In November 2014, in Strauss v. Chubb Indemnity Insurance ... Keep Reading »